An Automatic Closed-loop Methodology for Generating Character Groundtruth for Scanned Documents an Automatic Closed-loop Methodology for Generating Character Groundtruth for Scanned Documents an Automatic Closed-loop Methodology for Generating Character Groundtruth for Scanned Documents
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چکیده
Character groundtruth for real, scanned document images is crucial for evaluating the performance of OCR systems, training OCR algorithms, and validating document degradation models. Unfortunately, manual collection of accurate groundtruth for characters in a real (scanned) document image is not practical because (i) accuracy in delineating groundtruth character bounding boxes is not high enough, (ii) it is extremely laborious and time consuming, and (iii) the manual labor required for this task is prohibitively expensive. In this paper we describe a closed-loop methodology for collecting very accurate groundtruth for scanned documents. We rst create ideal documents using a typesetting language. Next we create the groundtruth for the ideal document. The ideal document is then printed, photocopied and scanned. A registration algorithm estimates the global geometric transformation and then performs a robust local bitmap match to register the ideal document image to the scanned document image. Finally, groundtruth associated with the ideal document image is transformed using the estimated geometric transformation to create the groundtruth for the scanned document image. This methodology is very general and can be used for creating groundtruth for typeset documents in any language, layout, font, and style. We have demonstrated the method by generating groundtruth for English, Hindi, and FAX document images. The cost of creating groundtruth using our methodology is minimal. If character, word or zone groundtruth is available for any real document, the registration algorithm can be used to generate the corresponding groundtruth for a rescanned version of the document. Abstract Character groundtruth for real, scanned document images is crucial for evaluating the performance of OCR systems, training OCR algorithms, and validating document degradation models. Unfortunately, manual collection of accurate groundtruth for characters in a real (scanned) document image is not practical because (i) accuracy in delineating groundtruth character bounding boxes is not high enough, (ii) it is extremely laborious and time consuming, and (iii) the manual labor required for this task is prohibitively expensive. In this paper we describe a closed-loop methodology for collecting very accurate groundtruth for scanned documents. We rst create ideal documents using a typesetting language. Next we create the groundtruth for the ideal document. The ideal document is then printed, photocopied and scanned. A registration algorithm estimates the global geometric transformation and then performs a robust local bitmap match to register the ideal document image to the scanned document image. Finally, groundtruth associated with the ideal document image is transformed …
منابع مشابه
An Automatic Closed-Loop Methodology for Generating Character Groundtruth for Scanned Documents
Character groundtruth for real, scanned document images is crucial for evaluating the performance of OCR systems, training OCR algorithms, and validating document degradation models. Unfortunately, manual collection of accurate groundtruth for characters in a real (scanned) document image is not practical because (i) accuracy in delineating groundtruth character bounding boxes is not high enoug...
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Character groundtruth for real, scanned document images is extremely useful for evaluating the performance of OCR systems, training OCR algorithms, and validating document degradation models. Unfortunately, manual collection of accurate groundtruth for characters in a real (scanned) document image is not possible because (i) accuracy in delineating groundtruth character bounding boxes is not hi...
متن کاملAutomatic Generation of Character Groundtruth for Scanned Documents: A Closed-Loop Approach - Pattern Recognition, 1996., Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on
Character groundtruth for scanned document images as crucial for evaluating the performance of OCR systems, training OCR algorithms, and validating document degradation models. Unfortunately, manual collection of accurate groundtruth for characters in a real (scanned) document image is not possible because (a) accuracy an delineating groundtruth character bounding boxes is not high enough, (ii)...
متن کاملAutomatic generation of character groundtruth for scanned documents: a closed-loop approach
Character groundtruth for scanned document images is crucial for evaluating the performance of OCR systems, training OCR algorithms, and validating document degradation models. Unfortunately, manual collection of accurate groundtruth for characters in a real (scanned) document image is not possible because (i) accuracy in delineating groundtruth character bounding boxes is not high enough, (ii)...
متن کاملA Point Matching Algorithm for Automatic Generation of Groundtruth for Document Images
Geometric groundtruth at character, word, and line level is crucial for developing and evaluating optical character recognition (OCR) algorithms. Kanungo and Haralick [ICPR ’96] proposed a closed loop methodology for generating character level groundtruth for rescanned image. In this article we present a robust version of their methodology. We grouped the feature points and used branch and boun...
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تاریخ انتشار 1998